Software Testing Questions And Answers – 2024 | Real-Time Testing Questions |

Software Testing Questions And Answers – 2024 | Real-Time Testing Questions |

software testing questions and answers for Freshers and Experienced 

1. Write a Java program to find the largest number from three numbers.

2. What is SDLC and STLC? Explain their phases.

• SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle):This is the entire process of developing software from start to finish. It involves several key phases:
  1. Requirement Gathering: Understanding what the client needs.
  2. Design: Planning the system architecture.
  3. Development: Writing the code to build the application.
  4. Testing: Ensuring the application functions correctly and meets the requirements.
  5. Deployment: Releasing the software to users.
  6. Maintenance: Fixing any issues that come up after the release.
• STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle):This focuses specifically on testing and has its own phases:
  1. Requirement Analysis: Figuring out what needs to be tested.
  2. Test Planning: Deciding how testing will be done and who will do it.
  3. Test Case Development: Writing detailed test cases.
  4. Test Environment Setup: Setting up the environment where tests will run.
  5. Test Execution: Running the tests and logging defects.
  6. Test Closure: Wrapping up testing, reporting, and archiving.

Both SDLC and STLC are essential, but SDLC is broader and covers the entire development process, while STLC is focused on ensuring the quality of the software.

3. Define your roles and responsibilities as a QA Engineer.

• Understanding the requirements: I work closely with business analysts and developers to understand the features that need to be tested.
• Writing and executing test cases: Based on the requirements, I write detailed test cases and execute them to check the software’s functionality.
• Logging defects: If I find any bugs or issues, I document them clearly in a defect management tool (like Jira) so developers can fix them.
• Performing regression testing: After bugs are fixed, I retest the software to make sure everything works fine and no new bugs are introduced.
• Collaborating with the team: I regularly communicate with developers, product owners, and other stakeholders to keep everyone informed about the software’s status and any issues.

4. What is regression testing?

Regression testing is the process of re-running tests on software that has been modified to ensure that the changes (like bug fixes or new features) haven’t broken existing functionality. It’s like double-checking that a new change hasn’t messed up anything that was previously working fine. For example, if a developer fixes a bug in one part of the application, we run tests to confirm that other areas are still working correctly.

5. What are the different methodologies of SDLC? Explain each.

• Waterfall: This is a linear approach where each phase depends on the previous one. It’s a step-by-step process, so you can’t move to the next phase until the current one is complete. It’s easy to manage but can be rigid.
• Agile: This is a more flexible, iterative approach where the project is divided into small parts called sprints. Each sprint delivers a piece of the product, and the team gets regular feedback, allowing for continuous improvement.
• V-Model: This is an extension of the waterfall model, but testing activities are planned in parallel with development phases, ensuring verification and validation at each stage.
• Spiral: This methodology focuses on risk assessment and is useful for large projects. It involves repetitive development cycles (or spirals), where risks are evaluated at every stage.
• Iterative: The software is built in small sections, and each section is tested and improved before the next iteration starts.

6. What is the Difference between Scrum and Sprint.

• Scrum: Scrum is a popular framework used in Agile development. It defines roles (like Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team) and processes for managing work. Scrum helps teams work together more efficiently and respond quickly to changes.
• Sprint: A sprint is a fixed period (usually 1-4 weeks) during which the Scrum team works to complete a specific set of tasks. At the end of each sprint, the team reviews their work, gathers feedback, and plans for the next sprint.

7. What is estimation in Sprint?

Estimation in a sprint involves predicting how much work the team can complete during that sprint. This is usually done using story points (which represent the complexity and effort required to complete a task) or hours. The estimation is important because it helps the team set realistic goals for each sprint, making sure they can deliver on time without any problems.

8. What is a sprint backlog?

The sprint backlog is a list of all the tasks or user stories that the team commits to completing during a sprint. It’s a subset of the product backlog (which is a broader list of all the tasks in the project) and represents the team’s focus for that specific sprint. Once a sprint starts, the team works only on items in the sprint backlog.

Also read : Scenario based Software testing questions and answers

9. What are the different reports in Testing?

• Test Case Execution Report: This report shows the status of each test case (whether it passed, failed, or was skipped).
• Defect Report: A summary of all the defects found during testing, including their status and severity.
• Test Summary Report: A high-level overview of the testing efforts, including total tests executed, passed, failed, and defect density.
• Traceability Matrix: This report maps test cases to requirements to ensure that all requirements are covered by tests.

10. What are the key components of a Test Case Report?

• Test Case ID: A unique identifier for the test case.
• Test Scenario: A brief description of what is being tested.
• Test Steps: Step-by-step instructions to execute the test.
• Expected Result: What the outcome should be if the test passes.
• Actual Result: What the actual outcome was after execution.
• Status: Whether the test passed, failed, or was blocked.
• Comments: Additional notes, like possible reasons for failure or suggestions for improvement.

11. What is Jira?

Jira is a popular tool used for project management, issue tracking, and bug tracking, especially in Agile development environments. It helps teams organize their work, track progress, and manage bugs efficiently. Jira provides dashboards, reports, and workflows that make it easier to collaborate and keep everyone on the same page.

12. How do you log a defect in Jira?

1. Login to Jira and navigate to the project where you want to log the defect.
2. Click on the Create button, usually located in the top menu.
3. In the pop-up window, select Issue Type as Bug.
4. Fill in the Summary field with a short description of the defect.
5. In the Description field, provide detailed steps to reproduce the issue, expected vs. actual behavior, and any additional context.
6. Set the Priority and Severity (e.g., High, Medium, Low) to indicate the impact of the defect.
7. Attach screenshots, logs, or any files that might help the developer understand the issue.
8. Assign the defect to a developer (if you have permission to do so) or leave it unassigned for the project lead to assign.
9. Finally, click on Create to log the defect. It will now appear in the backlog and be ready for triaging.

Logging a bug effectively helps the development team to identify and fix the issue faster, so providing clear and concise information is crucial.

13. How do you link bugs with the user story in Jira?

In Jira, you can link a bug to a user story to show that the defect is related to a particular feature. Here’s how to do it:

1. After creating the bug, open the bug’s detail page.
2. Scroll down to the Linked Issues section.
3. Click on More (three dots), then select Link.
4. In the Link window, choose the type of link (for example, “blocks” or “relates to”).
5. Enter the user story ID or search for it.
6. Click Link to associate the bug with the user story.

This connection helps the team understand which feature the bug is impacting and ensures the bug is considered in the context of the user story.

14. What is a sprint?

A sprint is a time-boxed iteration, typically lasting 1-4 weeks, during which a Scrum team works to complete a specific set of tasks (often user stories from the backlog). The goal of each sprint is to deliver a potentially shippable product increment by the end of the sprint.

At the beginning of each sprint, the team holds a Sprint Planning Meeting where they choose what work they’ll complete during that sprint. At the end, there’s a Sprint Review to showcase the completed work and a Sprint Retrospective to reflect on the process and identify improvements for the next sprint.

Also read : Software testing companies in Bangalore for freshers

15. Define black box and white box testing.

• Black Box Testing: In black box testing, the tester doesn’t need to know the internal workings of the application. You focus on testing the software’s functionality by providing inputs and observing the outputs. You’re essentially treating the software like a “black box” where you don’t see inside it, but you verify if it does what it’s supposed to do.
  • Example: Testing the login functionality of a website without looking at the code, just checking if the correct username and password log the user in.
• White Box Testing: In white box testing, the tester is aware of the internal code, structure, and logic of the application. It’s more of a deep dive into the code itself to ensure each part works as intended.
  • Example: Unit testing by developers to check if specific functions or methods behave correctly based on inputs and code paths.

Real time Software testing questions and answers : 2024

16. Explain functional testing .

Functional testing is a type of black box testing where you verify that the software functions according to the requirements. It focuses on checking the application’s behavior against the specified functional requirements, ensuring that all features work as expected.

For example, if you’re testing an e-commerce website, functional testing would involve verifying that the “Login” button works or not , then “Add to Cart” button works, that the checkout process goes smoothly, and that the confirmation emails are sent properly after an order is placed.

17. Define the OOPs concepts in Java.

OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming) concepts in Java revolve around four key principles:

1. Encapsulation: Wrapping the data (variables) and methods (functions) into a single unit or class, restricting direct access to some of an object’s components.
2. Inheritance: The ability to create a new class from an existing class, inheriting its properties and methods. This allows for code reusability.
3. Polymorphism: The ability to perform a single action in different ways. It comes in two forms: compile-time (method overloading) and run-time (method overriding).
4. Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and showing only the essential features of an object.

18. Give examples of OOPs concepts you used in your framework.

• Encapsulation: I used encapsulation to group related methods and variables into classes, making it easier to maintain and update the code.
• Inheritance: I created base classes (like BaseTest) that contain common methods (e.g., setUp(), tearDown()). Other test classes extend this base class, allowing for code reuse and cleaner test scripts.
• Polymorphism: I used method overriding in different classes to provide specific implementations of common actions (e.g., handling different types of browsers or login pages).
• Abstraction: I created abstract classes and interfaces for things like BrowserDriver, so the implementation details are hidden from the test classes, which only deal with high-level actions.

19. What is TestNG?

TestNG is a testing framework designed to make it easier to organize and run tests in Java. It’s similar to JUnit but with added features like parallel test execution, data-driven testing, and flexible test configurations. Some key features of TestNG include:

• Annotations (like @Test, @BeforeSuite, etc.) to control test flow.
• Assertions to verify test results.
• Data Providers to run the same test multiple times with different inputs.
• Generating comprehensive test reports.

TestNG makes it easier to manage large test suites and handle complex test requirements.

Also Read : Top 60 Software Testing Interview questions : 2024

20. What is usability testing?

Usability testing is a type of testing that checks how easy and user-friendly an application is for real users. The goal is to identify any problems with the design, flow, or interface of the software from the perspective of an end user.

For example, in usability testing for a mobile app, you might ask real users to complete a task (like making a payment), then observe where they struggle, get confused, or feel frustrated. The feedback gathered is then used to improve the design and overall experience of the app.

Software Testing Questions And Answers – 2024 | Real-Time Testing Questions |